Objective
The primary objective of this study was to quantify the contributions to drug release
for thermal and non-thermal mechanisms in ultrasound-induced release from gold nanoparticles
(GNPs) for the first time.
Methods
We studied doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin release from the surface of GNPs using two
different methods to induce drug release in an ex vivo tissue model: (i) localized tissue heating with a water bath and (ii) low-intensity
pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure. Both methods have similar temperature profiles
and can induce the release of both hydrophobic (curcumin) and hydrophilic (DOX) drugs
from the surface of GNPs. Quantitative drug release in both cases was compared via fluorescence measurements.
Discussion
The water bath heating method induced drug release using thermal effects only, whereas
LIPUS exposure induced drug release used a combination of thermal and non-thermal
mechanisms. It was found that there were increases of 70 ± 16% (curcumin) and 127
± 20% (DOX) in drug release when LIPUS was used to induce drug release (both thermal
and non-thermal mechanisms) as compared with the water bath (thermal mechanisms only)
mediated release.
Conclusion
We determined that non-thermal mechanisms account for 41 ± 3% of curcumin release
and 56 ± 4% of DOX release. It was concluded that in our ex vivo tissue model, the non-thermal mechanisms play a significant role in LIPUS-induced
drug release from GNP drug carriers and that the contributions of non-thermal mechanisms
to drug release depend on the type of anticancer drug loaded on the GNP surface.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 21, 2023
Accepted:
January 19,
2023
Received in revised form:
January 11,
2023
Received:
September 11,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. All rights reserved.
