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Original Contribution| Volume 49, ISSUE 5, P1288-1298, May 2023

A Quantitative Study of Thermal and Non-thermal Mechanisms in Ultrasound-Induced Nano-drug Delivery

  • Tyler K. Hornsby
    Affiliations
    Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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  • Anshuman Jakhmola
    Affiliations
    Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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  • Michael C. Kolios
    Affiliations
    Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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  • Jahangir Tavakkoli
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author. Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B2K3, ON, Canada.
    Affiliations
    Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Search for articles by this author

      Objective

      The primary objective of this study was to quantify the contributions to drug release for thermal and non-thermal mechanisms in ultrasound-induced release from gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for the first time.

      Methods

      We studied doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin release from the surface of GNPs using two different methods to induce drug release in an ex vivo tissue model: (i) localized tissue heating with a water bath and (ii) low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure. Both methods have similar temperature profiles and can induce the release of both hydrophobic (curcumin) and hydrophilic (DOX) drugs from the surface of GNPs. Quantitative drug release in both cases was compared via fluorescence measurements.

      Discussion

      The water bath heating method induced drug release using thermal effects only, whereas LIPUS exposure induced drug release used a combination of thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. It was found that there were increases of 70 ± 16% (curcumin) and 127 ± 20% (DOX) in drug release when LIPUS was used to induce drug release (both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms) as compared with the water bath (thermal mechanisms only) mediated release.

      Conclusion

      We determined that non-thermal mechanisms account for 41 ± 3% of curcumin release and 56 ± 4% of DOX release. It was concluded that in our ex vivo tissue model, the non-thermal mechanisms play a significant role in LIPUS-induced drug release from GNP drug carriers and that the contributions of non-thermal mechanisms to drug release depend on the type of anticancer drug loaded on the GNP surface.

      Keywords

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