Abstract
Perfluoropropane droplets (PDs) cross endothelial barriers and can be acoustically
activated for selective myocardial extravascular enhancement following intravenous
injection (IVI). Our objective was to determine how to optimally activate extravascular
PDs for transthoracic ultrasound-enhanced delineation of a developing scar zone (DSZ).
Ultrafast-frame-rate microscopy was conducted to determine the effect of pulse sequence
on the threshold of bubble formation from PDs. In vitro studies were subsequently performed at different flow rates to determine acoustic
activation and inertial cavitation thresholds for a PD infusion using multipulse fundamental
non-linear or single-pulse harmonic imaging. IVIs of PDs were given in 9 rats and
10 pigs following prolonged left anterior descending ischemia to detect and quantify
PD kinetics within the DSZ. A multipulse sequence had a lower myocardial index threshold
for acoustic activation by ultrafast-frame-rate microscopy. Acoustic activation was
observed at a myocardial index ≥0.4 below the inertial cavitation threshold for both
pulse sequences. In rats, confocal microscopy and serial acoustic activation imaging
detected higher droplet presence (relative to remote regions) within the DSZ at 3
min post-IVI. Transthoracic high-mechanical-index impulses with fundamental non-linear
imaging in pigs at this time post-IVI resulted in selective contrast enhancement within
the DSZ.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 29, 2022
Accepted:
July 12,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 11,
2022
Received:
August 31,
2021
Identification
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