Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 34, Issue 7 , Pages 1043-1048 , July 2008

Comparability of Echographic and Tomographic Assessments of Body Fat Changes Related to the HIV Associated Adipose Redistribution Syndrome (HARS) in Antiretroviral Treated Patients

  • Rosario Gulizia

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Foundation IRCCS S Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Rosario Gulizia, MD, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS S. Matteo University of Pavia School of Medicine, Viale Taramelli 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
    • ,
  • Alessandro Vercelli

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Radiology, Foundation IRCCS S Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Cristina Gervasoni

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Science, Infectious Diseases Section, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • ,
  • Alessia Uglietti

      Affiliations

    • Infectious Disease Division, Foundation IRCCS S Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Massimiliano Ortu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Science, Infectious Diseases Section, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • ,
  • Giovanna Ferraioli

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Foundation IRCCS S Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Massimo Galli

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Science, Infectious Diseases Section, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • ,
  • Carlo Filice

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Foundation IRCCS S Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Received 13 September 2007 ,Revised 21 October 2007 ,Accepted 14 December 2007.

References 

  1. Asensi V, Martin-Roces E, Carton JA, Collazos J, Maradona JA, Alonso A, et al. Perirenal fat diameter measured by echography could be an early predictor of lipodystrophy in HIV type 1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:240–247
  2. Asensi V, Martin-Roces E, Collazos J, Carton JA, Maradona JA, Alonso A, et al. Association between physical and echographic fat thickness assessments and a lipodystrophy grading scale in lipodystrophic HIV patients: Practical implications. AIDS research and human retroviruses. 2006;22:830–836
  3. Bogner JR, Vielhauer V, Beckmann RA, Michl G, Wille L, Salzberger B, et al. Stavudine versus zidovudine and the development of lipodystrophy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;27:237–244
  4. Carey D, Wand H, Martin A, Rothwell S, Emery S, Cooper DA, et al. Evaluation of ultrasound for assessing facial lipoatrophy in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Aids. 2005;19:1325–1327
  5. Carr A. HIV lipodystrophy: Risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Aids. 2003;17(Suppl. 1):S141–S148
  6. Carr A, Law M. An objective lipodystrophy severity grading scale derived from the lipodystrophy case definition score. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;33:571–576
  7. Carr A, Samaras K, Burton S, Law M, Freund J, Chisholm DJ, et al. A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors. Aids. 1998;12:F51–F58
  8. Cavalcanti RB, Cheung AM, Raboud J, Walmsley S. Reproducibility of DXA estimations of body fat in HIV lipodystrophy: Implications for clinical research. J Clin Densitom. 2005;8:293–297
  9. Engelson ES, Kotler DP, Tan Y, Agin D, Wang J, Pierson RN, et al. Fat distribution in HIV-infected patients reporting truncal enlargement quantified by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:1162–1169
  10. Friis-Moller N, Weber R, Reiss P, Thiebaut R, Kirk O, d'Arminio Monforte A, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients–association with antiretroviral therapy (Results from the DAD study). Aids. 2003;17:1179–1193
  11. Gellett LR, Haddon L, Maskell GF. CT appearances of HIV-related lipodystrophy syndrome. Br J Radiol. 2001;74:382–383
  12. Grinspoon S, Carr A. Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:48–62
  13. Gripshover B, Tien PC, Saag M, Osmond D, Bacchetti P, Grunfeld C, for the Investigators of the Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM) Study 2. Lipoatrophy is the dominant feature of the lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-infected men. Program and Abstracts of the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 10-14, 2003; Boston, MA. Abstract 732.
  14. Gulizia R, Brunetti E, Gervasoni C, Galli M, Filice C. Sonographic assessment of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients: Some open questions. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:323–324author reply 24–25
  15. Gulizia R, Vercelli A, Gervasoni C, Ortu M, Calliada F, Troia G, et al. Controversy concerning role of ultrasonographic lipoatrophy assessments in HIV patients. Aids. 2006;20:789–790
  16. Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Davis B, Basgoz N, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:909–916
  17. Lichtenstein K, Balasubramanyam A, Sekhar R, Freedland E. HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS): Definition, epidemiology and clinical impact. AIDS Res Ther. 2007;4:16
  18. Lichtenstein KA. Redefining lipodystrophy syndrome: Risks and impact on clinical decision making. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:395–400
  19. Mallon PW, Miller J, Cooper DA, Carr A. Prospective evaluation of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on body composition in HIV-1-infected men starting therapy. Aids. 2003;17:971–979
  20. Martinez E, Bianchi L, Garcia-Viejo MA, Bru C, Gatell JM. Sonographic assessment of regional fat in HIV-1-infected people. Lancet. 2000;356:1412–1413
  21. Milinkovic A, Vidal S, Bianchi L, Ayuso C, Domingo P, Gomila M, Gatell JM, Martinez E. Comparative assessment of objective methods for the measurement of body fat. 5th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. July 8–11 2003, Le Meridien Montparnasse, Paris, France. Antiviral Therapy 2003;8:L63 (Abstract 92).
  22. Muurahainen N, Pettit R, Kotler D, Falutz J, Santos G, Kleintop M, et al. Abnormalities in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome that vary by weight status. [Abstract 63] In: Program and Abstracts of the 1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. 1999;p. 53;San Diego, CA
  23. Padilla S, Gallego JA, Masia M, Ardoy F, Hernandez I, Gutierrez F. Ultrasonography and anthropometry for measuring regional body fat in HIV-infected patients. Current HIV Res. 2007;5:459–466
  24. Padilla S, Gallego JA, Masia M, Gutierrez F. Single-slice computed tomography and anthropometric skinfold analysis for evaluation of facial lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1848–1851
  25. Palacios R, Galindo MJ, Arranz JA, Lozano F, Estrada V, Rivero A, et al. Cervical lipomatosis in HIV-infected patients: A case-control study. HIV Med. 2007;8:17–21
  26. Piliero PJ, Hubbard M, King J, Faragon JJ. Use of ultrasonography-assisted liposuction for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated enlargement of the dorsocervical fat pad. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1374–1377
  27. Schambelan M, Benson CA, Carr A, Benson C, Carr A, Currier JS, et al. Management of metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection: Recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;31:257–275
  28. Schwenk A. Methods of assessing body shape and composition in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2002;15:9–16
  29. Yang Y, Zhu WD, Paton NI. Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machines for measuring fat distribution changes of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Antivir Ther. 2004;9:771–778
  30. Yoshizumi T, Nakamura T, Yamane M, Islam AH, Menju M, Yamasaki K, et al. Abdominal fat: Standardized technique for measurement at CT. Radiology. 1999;211:283–286

PII: S0301-5629(07)00654-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.12.010

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 34, Issue 7 , Pages 1043-1048 , July 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution