Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 34, Issue 5 , Pages 741-752 , May 2008

Cardiovascular Assessment of Fetal Mice by In Utero Echocardiography

  • Qing Yu

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
  • ,
  • Linda Leatherbury

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    • Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center; Washington, D.C., USA
  • ,
  • Xin Tian

      Affiliations

    • Office of Biostatistics Research; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
  • ,
  • C.W. Lo

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Dr. Cecilia Lo, 9000 Rockville Pike, NIH/NHLBI/LDB, Building 10/Room 6C103A, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.

Received 23 January 2007 ,Revised 27 September 2007 ,Accepted 1 November 2007.

References 

  1. Abdulla R, Blew GA, Hotlerman MJ. Cardiovascular embryology. Peditr Cardiol. 2004;25:191–200
  2. Abuhamad A. Color and pulsed Doppler in fetal echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004;24:1–9
  3. Bronshtein M, Siegler E, Eshcoli Z, Zimmer EZ. Transvaginal ultrasound measurements of the fetal heart at 11 to 17 weeks of gestation. Am J Perinatol. 1992;9:38–42
  4. Chang CH, Chang FM, Yu CH, Liang RI, Ko HC, Chen HY. Systemic assessment of fetal hemodynamics by Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000;26:777–785
  5. Foster FS, Zhang MY, Zhou YQ, Liu G, Mehi J, Cherin E, et al. A new ultrasound instrument for in vivo microimaging of mice. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2002;28:1165–1172
  6. Gembruch U, Shi CY, Smrcek JM. Biometry of the fetal heart between 10 and 17 weeks of gestation. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2000;15:20–31
  7. Gui YH, Linask KK, Khowsathit P, Huhta JC. Doppler echocardiography of normal and abnormal embryonic mouse heart. Pediatr Res. 1996;40:633–642
  8. Haak MC, Twisk JW, Van Vugt JM. How successful is fetal echocardiographic examination in the first trimester of pregnancy?. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20:9–13
  9. Hess DB, Hess LW. Fetal echocardiography. Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange; 2004;
  10. Howe RS, Isaacson KJ, Albert JL, Coutifaris CB. Embryonic heart rate in human pregnancy. Ultrasound Med. 1991;10:367–371
  11. Hsieh YY, Chang FC, Tsai HD, Tsai CH. Longitudinal survey of fetal ventricular ejection and shortening fraction throughout pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;16:46–48
  12. Huang C, Sheikh F, Hollander M, Cai C, Becker D, Chu PH, et al. Embryonic atrial function is essential for mouse embryogenesis, cardiac morphogenesis, and angiogenesis. Development. 2003;130:6111–6119
  13. Ishiwata T, Nakazawa M, Pu WT, Tevosian SG, Izumo S. Developmental changes in ventricular diastolic function correlate with changes in ventricular myoarchitecture in normal mouse embryos. Circ Res. 2003;93:857–865
  14. Kaufman MH. The atlas of mouse development. In: San Deigo, CA: Academic Press; 1992;p. 383–388
  15. Leiva MC, Tolosa JE, Binotto CN, Weiner S, Huppert L, Denis AL, et al. Fetal cardiac development and hemodynamics in the first trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1999;14:169–174
  16. Phoon CK, Aristizabal O, Turnbull DH. 40 MHz Doppler characterization of umbilical and dorsal aortic blood flow in the early mouse embryo. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000;26:1275–1283
  17. Phoon CK, Ji RP, Aristizabal O, Worrad DM, Zhou B, Baldwin HS, et al. Embryonic heart failure in NFATc1-/- mice: Novel mechanistic insights from in utero ultrasound biomicroscopy. Circ Res. 2004;95:92–99
  18. Rychik J, Ayres N, Cuneo B, Gotteiner N, Hornberger L, Spevak PJ, et al. American Society of Echocardiography guidelines and standards for performance of the fetal echocardiogram. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:803–810
  19. Shen Y, Leatherbury L, Rosenthal J, Yu Q, Pappas MA, Wessels A, et al. Cardiovascular phenotyping of fetal mice by noninvasive ultrasound and recovery of ENU induced mutations causing congenital cardiac and extracardiac defects. Physiol Genomics. 2005;24:23–36
  20. Spurney CF, Leatherbury L, Lo CW. High-frequency ultrasound database profiling growth, development, and cardiovascular function in C57BL/6J mouse fetuses. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:893–900
  21. Srinivasan S, Baldwin HS, Aristizabal O, Kwee L, Labow M, Artman M, et al. Noninvasive in utero imaging of mouse embryonic heart development with 40-MHz echocardiography. Circulation. 1998;98:912–918
  22. Tan J, Silverman NH, Hoffman JIE, Villegas M, Schmidt KG. Cardiac dimensions determined by cross-sectional echocardiography in the normal human fetus from 18 weeks to term. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:1459–1467
  23. Tsutsumi T, Ishii M, Eto G, Hota M, Kato H. Serial evaluation for myocardial performance in fetuses and neonates using a new Doppler index. Pediatr Int. 1999;41:722–727
  24. van der Mooren K, Barendregt LG, Wladimiroff JW. Fetal atrioventricular and outflow tract flow velocity waveforms during normal second half of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:668–674
  25. van Splunder P, Stijnen T, Wladimiroff JW. Fetal atrioventricular flow-velocity waveforms and their relation to arterial and venous flow-velocity waveforms at 8 to 20 weeks of gestation. Circulation. 1996;94:1372–1378
  26. Wessels A, Sedmera D. Developmental anatomy of the heart: A tale of mice and man. Physiol Genomics. 2003;15:165–176
  27. Yagel S, Silverman NH, Gembruch U. Fetal cardiology (Embryology, genetics, physiology, echocardiographic evaluation, diagnosis and perinatal management of cardiac diseases). London and New York: Taylor and Francis; 2003;
  28. Yu Q, Shen Y, Chatterjee B, Siegfried BH, Leatherbury L, Rosenthal J, et al. ENU induced mutations causing congenital cardiovascular anomalies. Development. 2004;131:6211–6223
  29. Zhou YQ, Foster FS, Qu DW, Zhang M, Harasiewicz KA, Adamson SL. Applications for multi-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy in mice from implantation to adulthood. Physiol Genomics. 2002;10:113–126
  30. Zhou YQ, Foster FS, Parkes R, Adamson SL. Developmental changes in left and right ventricular diastolic filling patterns in mice. Am J Phsyiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;285:H1563–H575
  31. Zimmer EZ, Chao CR, Santos R. Amniotic sac, fetal heart area, fetal curvature, and other morphometrics using first trimester vaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med. 1994;13:685–690

 Video Clips cited in this article can be found online at: http://www.umbjournal.org.

PII: S0301-5629(07)00561-3

doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.001

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 34, Issue 5 , Pages 741-752 , May 2008