Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 33, Issue 11 , Pages 1727-1735 , November 2007

Transient Global Amnesia: Cerebral Venous Outflow Impairment—Insight from the Abnormal Flow Patterns of the Internal Jugular Vein

  • Chih-Ping Chung

      Affiliations

    • Section of Neurovascular Diseases, Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
    • National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Hung-Yi Hsu

      Affiliations

    • Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
    • National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • A.-Ching Chao

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Wen-Yung Sheng

      Affiliations

    • Section of Neurovascular Diseases, Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
    • National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Bing-Wen Soong

      Affiliations

    • Section of Neurovascular Diseases, Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
    • National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Han-Hwa Hu

      Affiliations

    • Section of Neurovascular Diseases, Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
    • National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Professor Han-Hwa Hu, Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, No. 201 Sec.2, Shihpai Road, Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan 11217.

Received 30 January 2007 ,Revised 2 May 2007 ,Accepted 22 May 2007.

References 

  1. Attubato MJ, Katz ES, Feit F, Bernstein N, Schwartzman D, Kronzon I. Venous changes occurring during the Valsalva maneuver: Evaluation by intravascular ultrasound. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:408–410
  2. Bjordal RI. Intermittent venous claudication (A report of two cases). Acta Chir Scand. 1970;136:641–645
  3. Burrows PE, Konez O, Bisdorff A. Venous variations of the brain and cranial vault. Neuroimaging Clin North Am. 2003;13:13–26
  4. Caplan LR. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. In:  Vinken PJ,  Bruyn GW,  Klawans HL editor. Transient global amnesia. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1985;
  5. Chung CP, Hsu HY, Chang FC, Sheng WY, Hu HH. Detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of transient global amnesia. Neurology. 2006;66:1873–1877
  6. Chung CP, Hsu HY, Wong WJ, Sheng WY, Hu HH. Flow volume in the jugular vein and related hemodynamics in the branches of the jugular vein. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007;33:500–505
  7. Chung CP, Hsu HY, Chang FC, Sheng WY, Hu HH. Re: Detection of intracranial venous reflux in patients of transient global amnesia. Neurology. 2007;68:163
  8. Cockett FB, Thomas ML, Negus D. Iliac vein compression (Its relation to iliofemoral thrombosis and the post-thrombotic syndrome). BMJ. 1967;2:14–19
  9. Cummings CW. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Books; 1935;
  10. Delis KT, Bountouroglou D, Mansfield AO. Venous claudication in iliofemoral thrombosis: Long-term effects on venous hemodynamics, clinical status, and quality of life. Ann Surg. 2004;239:118–126
  11. Doepp F, Schreiber SJ, von Munster T, Rademacher J, Klingebiel R, Valdueza JM. How does the blood leave the brain? (A systematic ultrasound analysis of cerebral venous drainage patterns). Neuroradiology. 2004;46:565–570
  12. Doppman JL, Melson GL, Evens RG, Hammond WG. Selective superior and inferior thyroid vein catheterization. Invest Radiol. 1969;4:97–99
  13. Engel IA, Auh YH, Rubenstein WA, Sniderman K, Whalen JP, Kazam E. CT diagnosis of mediastinal and thoracic inlet venous obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1983;141:521–526
  14. Guidotti M, Anzalone N, Morabito A, Landi G. A case-control study of transient global amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1989;52:320–323
  15. Hodges JR, Warlow CP. Syndromes of transient amnesia: towards a classification (A study of 153. cases). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1990;53:834–843
  16. Killewich LA, Martin R, Cramer M, Beach KW, Strandness DE. Pathophysiology of venous claudication. J Vasc Surg. 1984;1:507–511
  17. Klotzsch C, Sliwka U, Berlit P, Noth J. An increased frequency of patent foramen ovale in patients with transient global amnesia (Analysis of 53 consecutive patients). Arch Neurol. 1996;53:504–508
  18. Lewis SL. Aetiology of transient global amnesia. Lancet. 1998;352:397–399
  19. Maalikjy Akkawi N, Agosti C, Anzola GP, Borroni B, Magoni M, Pezzini A, et al. Transient global amnesia: a clinical and sonographic study. Eur Neurol. 2003;49:67–71
  20. Nedelmann M, Eicke BM, Dieterich M. Increased incidence of jugular valve insufficiency in patients with transient global amnesia. J Neurol. 2005;252:1482–1486
  21. Neglen P, Thrasher TL, Raju S. Venous outflow obstruction: An underestimated contributor to chronic venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:879–885
  22. Raju S, Fredericks R. Venous obstruction: An analysis of one hundred thirty-seven cases with hemodynamic, venographic, and clinical correlations. J Vasc Surg. 1991;14:305–313
  23. Sander D, Winbeck K, Etgen T, Knapp R, Klingelhofer J, Conrad B. Disturbance of venous flow patterns in patients with transient global amnesia. Lancet. 2000;356:1982–1984
  24. Schaller B. Physiology of cerebral venous blood flow: From experimental data in animals to normal function in humans. Brain Res Rev. 2004;46:243–260
  25. Schreiber SJ, Doepp F, Klingebiel R, Valdueza JM. Internal jugular vein valve incompetence and intracranial venous anatomy in transient global amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2005;76:509–513
  26. Shima H, von Luedinghausen M, Ohno K, Michi K. Anatomy of microvascular anastomosis in the neck. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;101:33–41
  27. Ueda T, Yamamoto YL, Takara E, Diksic M. Tolerance of the cerebral venous system to retrograde perfusion pressure in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke. 1989;20:378–385
  28. Valdueza JM, von Munster T, Hoffman O, Schreiber S, Einhaupl KM. Postural dependency of the cerebral venous outflow. Lancet. 2000;355:200–201
  29. Zorzon M, Antonutti L, Mase G, Biasutti E, Vitrani B, Cazzato G. Transient global amnesia and transient ischemic attack (Natural history, vascular risk factors, and associated conditions). Stroke. 1995;26:1536–1542

PII: S0301-5629(07)00268-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.05.018

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 33, Issue 11 , Pages 1727-1735 , November 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution