Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 33, Issue 4 , Pages 512-521 , April 2007

Effects of Isoflurane on Coronary Blood Flow Velocity in Young, Old and ApoE−/− Mice Measured by Doppler Ultrasound

  • Craig J. Hartley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Craig J. Hartley, Ph.D., Department of Medicine (CVS), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030.
    • ,
  • Anilkumar K. Reddy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
    • ,
  • Sridhar Madala

      Affiliations

    • Indus Instruments, Houston, TX
    • ,
  • Lloyd H. Michael

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
    • ,
  • Mark L. Entman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
    • ,
  • George E. Taffet

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX

Received 21 September 2006 ,Revised 16 October 2006 ,Accepted 1 November 2006.

References 

  1. Bernard JM, Doursout MF, Wouters PF, Hartley CJ, Merin RG, Chelly JE. Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on hepatic circulation in the chronically instrumented dog. Anesthesiology. 1992;77:541–545
  2. Bratkovsky S, Aasum E, Birkeland CH, Riemersma RA, Myhre ESP, Larson TS. Measurement of coronary flow reserve in isolated hearts from mice. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004;181:167–172
  3. Cicala S, Galderisi M, Guarini P, D’Errico A, Innelli P, Pardo M, et al. Transthoracic coronary flow reserve and dobutamine derived myocardial function: A 6-month evaluation after successful coronary angioplasty. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2004;2:26–35
  4. Cole JS, Hartley CJ. The pulsed Doppler coronary artery catheter: Preliminary report of a new technique for measuring rapid changes in coronary artery flow velocity in man. Circulation. 1977;56:18–25
  5. Crystal GJ. Vasomotor effects of isoflurane in the coronary circulation. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:1516–1517
  6. Crystal GJ, Czinn EA, Silver JM, Ramez SM. Coronary vasodilation by isoflurane: Abrupt versus gradual administration. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:542–549
  7. Dawson TH. Engineering Design of the Cardiovascular System of Mammals. Englewood Cliffs, CO: Prentice Hall; 1991;
  8. Flood A, Headrick JP. Functional characterization of coronary vascular adenosine receptors in the mouse. Br J Pharmacol. 2001;133:1063–1072
  9. Galderisi M, Cicala S, D’Errico A, de Divitiis O, de Simone G. Nebivolol improves coronary flow reserve in hypertensive patients without coronary heart disease. J Hypertens. 2004;22:2201–2208
  10. Galderisi M, de Simone G, Cicala S, de Simone L, D’Errico A, Caso P, et al. Coronary flow reserve in hypertensive patients with appropriate or inappropriate left ventricular mass. J Hypertens. 2003;21:2183–2188
  11. Gamperi AK, Hein TW, Kuo L, Cason BA. Isoflurane-induced dilation of porcine coronary microvessels is endothelium dependent and inhibited by glibenclamide. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:1465–1471
  12. Gan LM, Wikstrom J, Bergstrom G, Wandt B. Non-invasive imaging of coronary arteries using high-resolution echocardiography. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2005;38:121–126
  13. Gould LK, Lipscomb K, Hamilton GW. Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis: Instantaneous flow response and regional distribution during coronary hyperemia as measures of coronary flow reserve. Am J Cardiol. 1974;33:87–94
  14. Hartley CJ, Cole JS. An ultrasonic pulsed doppler system for measuring blood flow in small vessels. J Appl Physiol. 1974;37:626–629
  15. Hartley CJ, Hanley HG, Lewis RM, Cole JS. Synchronized pulsed Doppler blood flow and ultrasonic dimension measurement in conscious dogs. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1978;4:99–110
  16. Hartley CJ, Reddy AK, Madala S, Martin-McNulty B, Vergona R, Sullivan ME, et al. Hemodynamic changes in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000;279:H2326–H2334
  17. Hartley CJ, Taffet GE, Reddy AK, Entman ML, Michael LH. Noninvasive cardiovascular phenotyping in mice. ILAR J. 2002;43:147–158
  18. Hildick-Smith DJR, Shapiro LM. Coronary flow reserve improves after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: An adenosine transthoracic echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1889–1896
  19. Hoffman JIE. Maximal coronary flow and the concept of coronary vascular reserve. Circulation. 1984;70:153–159
  20. Jannsen BJA, De Celle T, Debets JJM, Brouns AE, Callahan MF, Smith TL. Effects of anesthetics on systemic hemodynamics in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;287:H1618–H1624
  21. Kober F, Iltis I, Cozzone PJ, Bernard M. Myocardial blood flow mapping in mice using high-resolution spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging: Influence of ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane anesthesia. Magnetic Reson Med. 2005;53:601–606
  22. Kristo G, Yoshimura Y, Keith BJ, Mentzer RM, Lasley RD. Aged rat myocardium exhibits normal adenosine receptor-mediated bradycardia and coronary vasodilation but increased adenosine agonist-mediated cardioprotection. J Gerontol Biol Sci. 2005;60A:1399–1404
  23. Li YH, Reddy AK, Taffet GE, Michael LH, Entman ML, Hartley CJ. Doppler evaluation of peripheral vascular adaptations to transverse aortic banding in mice. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003;29:1281–1289
  24. Marcus ML. The Coronary Circulation in Health and Disease. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1983;
  25. Marcus ML, Doty DB, Hiratzka LF, Wright CB, Eastham CL. Decreased coronary reserve: A mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1362–1366
  26. Marcus ML, Wright CB, Doty DB, Eastham CL, Laughlin DE, Krumm P, et al. Measurement of coronary velocity and reactive hyperemia in the coronary circulation of humans. Circ Res. 1981;49:877–891
  27. Nakashima Y, Plump AS, Raines EW, Breslow JL, Ross R. ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:133–140
  28. Neishi Y, Akasaka T, Tsukiji M, Kume T, Wada N, Watanabe N, et al. Reduced coronary flow reserve in patients with congestive heart failure assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:15–19
  29. Nichols WW, O’Rourke MF. McDonald’s Blood Flow in Arteries: Theoretical, Experimental, and Clinical Principles. London: Edward Arnold; 1998;
  30. Niebauer J, Maxwell AJ, Lin PS, Tsao PS, Kosek J, Bernstein D, et al. Impaired aerobic capacity in hypercholesterolemic mice: Partial reversal by exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 1999;276:H1346–H1354
  31. Paigen B, Morrow A, Holmes PA, Mitchell D, Williams RA. Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Atherosclerosis. 1987;68:231–240
  32. Plump AS, Smith JD, Hayek T, Aalto-Setala K, Walsh A, Verstuyft J, et al. Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell. 1992;71:343–353
  33. Reddy AK, Jones AD, Martino C, Caro WA, Madala S, Hartley CJ. Pulsed Doppler signal processing for use in mice: Design and evaluation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2005;52:1764–1770
  34. Reddy AK, Taffet GE, Li YH, Lim SW, Pham TT, Pocius J, et al. Pulsed Doppler signal processing for use in mice: Applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2005;52:1771–1783
  35. Reiz S, Balfors E, Sorensen MB, Ariola S, Friedman A, Truedsson H. Isoflurane—A powerful coronary vasodilator in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology. 1983;59:91–97
  36. Rigo F. Coronary flow reserve in stress-echo lab (From pathophysiologic toy to diagnostic tool). Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2005;3:8–19
  37. Rockman HA, Knowlton KU, Ross J, Chien KR. In vivo murine cardiac hypertrophy: A novel model to identify genetic signaling mechanisms that activate an adaptive physiological response. Circulation. 1993;87(Suppl VII):VII-14–VII-21
  38. Santagata P, Rigo F, Gherardi S, Pratali L, Drozdz J, Varga A, et al. Clinical and functional determinants of coronary flow reserve in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: An echocardiographic study. Int J Cardiol. 2005;105:46–52
  39. Saraste M, Koskenvuo JW, Knuuti J, Toikka JO, Laine H, Niemi P, et al. Coronary flow reserve: Measurement with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography is reproducible and comparable with positron emission tomography. Clin Physiol. 2001;21:114–122
  40. Sibley DH, Millar HD, Hartley CJ, Whitlow PL. Subselective measurement of coronary blood flow velocity using a steerable Doppler catheter. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1332–1340
  41. Talukder MAH, Morrison RR, Mustafa SJ. Comparison of the vascular effects of adenosine in isolated mouse heart and aorta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002;282:H49–H57
  42. Tortoli P, Michelassi V, Bambi G, Guidi F, Righi D. Interaction between secondary velocities, flow pulsation, and vessel morphology in the common carotid artery. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003;29:407–415
  43. Voci P, Pizzuto F, Romeo F. Coronary flow: A new asset for the echo lab. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1867–1879
  44. Wang YX. Cardiovascular functional phenotypes and pharmacological responses in apolipoproteinE deficient mice. Neurobiol Aging. 2005;26:309–316
  45. White CW, Wright CB, Doty DB, Hiratza LF, Eastham CL, Harrison DG, et al. Does visual interpretation of the coronary arteriogram predict the physiological importance of a coronary stenosis?. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:819–824
  46. Wieneke H, Haude M, Ge J, Altmann C, Kaiser S, Baumgart D, et al. Corrected coronary flow velocity reserve: A new concept for assessing coronary perfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;35:1713–1720
  47. Wikstrom J, Gronros J, Bergstrom G, Gan LM. Functional and morphologic imaging of coronary atherosclerosis in living mice using high-resolution color Doppler echocardiography and ultrasound biomicroscopy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:720–727
  48. Wilson RF, Laughlin DE, Chilian WM, Holida H, Hartley CJ, Armstrong ML, et al. Transluminal, subselective measurement of coronary artery blood flow velocity and vasodilator reserve in man. Circulation. 1985;72:82–92
  49. Zhou X, Abboud W, Manabat NC, Salem MR, Crystal GJ. Isoflurane-induced dilation of porcine coronary arterioles is mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Anesthesiology. 1998;89:182–189
  50. Zhou YQ, Foster FS, Nieman BJ, Davidson L, Chen XJ, Henkelman M. Comprehensive transthoracic cardiac imaging in mice using ultrasound biomicroscopy with anatomical confirmation by magnetic resonance imaging. Physiol Genomics. 2004;18:232–244
  51. Zuurbier CJ, Emons VM, Ince C. Hemodynamics of anesthetized ventilated mouse models: Aspects of anesthetics, fluid support, and strain. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002;282:H2099–H2105

 This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-HL22512, P01-HL42550, R01-AG17899, R41-HL76928 and K25-HL73041.

PII: S0301-5629(06)01899-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.11.002

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume 33, Issue 4 , Pages 512-521 , April 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution