The Onset of Ventricular Isovolumic Contraction as Reflected in the Carotid Artery Distension Waveform

Abstract 

The blood pressure waveform carries information about the cardiac contraction and the impedance characteristics of the vascular bed. Here, we demonstrate that the start of isovolumic ventricular contraction is persistently reflected as an inflection point in the pressure wave as recorded in the aortic root (TP_IC) as well as in the carotid artery distension waveform (TD_IC) as it travels down the arterial tree. In a group of six patients with normal pressure gradients across the aortic valve after valve replacement, the TP_IC had a small delay with respect to the onset of isovolumic ventricular contraction (<10 ms). In a group (n = 21) of young presumably healthy volunteers, the inflection point occurred persistently in the carotid distension waveform, as recorded by means of ultrasound, before the systolic foot (intersubject delay between inflection point and systolic foot: mean ± SD = 40.0 ± 9.4 ms, intrasubject SD 4.6 ms). Retrograde coronary blood flow during isovolumic ventricular contraction may be the origin of the persistent end-diastolic pressure and distension perturbation. This study shows that the duration of the isovolumic contraction can be reliably extracted from the carotid artery distension waveform. (E-mail: A.Hoeks@BF.Unimaas.nl)

Key Words: Ultrasound, Pulse wave analysis, Timing analysis, Heart action